Understanding dispensations is crucial for grasping the divine timeline of human history and God’s plan for redemption. A dispensation refers to a period in time in which God demonstrates something humans about themselves. Each dispensation begins with a covenant or revelation and ends in judgment, when the household fails, signaling a transition in how God interacts with humanity. For example, Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24), humanity faced the flood during Noah's time (Genesis 6:17), and languages were confused at Babel (Genesis 11:7). Similarly, the dispensation of the Law concluded with Christ's declaration, "It is finished" (John 19:30), as His death ended the legalistic covenant (Romans 10:4). The Rapture (2 Thessalonians 2:3) and the ultimate destruction of the universe (Revelation 20:9) are judgments marking the conclusion of their respective dispensations. At each dispensation's end, God’s purposes are completed without lingering members or unresolved matters.
The dispensation of grace, introduced by Christ's resurrection and ascension, was not revealed in the Old Testament. While the prophets foresaw Christ’s suffering and glory (1 Peter 1:11), the full scope of grace was a mystery even to Satan (1 Corinthians 2:8). This period uniquely delays judgment on the dispensation of the Law until grace is fulfilled. The transition between law and grace highlights God’s sovereignty and plan, as seen in the final ascension of Christ (Acts 1:9-11). Jesus’ departure came with the promise of His return, which will fulfill prophecies like the splitting of the Mount of Olives (Zechariah 14:4).
After Christ’s ascension, the apostles obeyed His command to wait in Jerusalem (Acts 1:12-26). United in worship and supplication, they demonstrated faith despite uncertainty (Acts 1:14). During this period, Peter addressed Judas Iscariot’s betrayal and subsequent death. Judas, a thief who never believed Jesus was the Messiah (John 12:6), betrayed Christ for monetary gain (Matthew 26:15). Although he felt remorse when Jesus was condemned (Matthew 27:3-4), his grief led to despair and suicide rather than repentance (Matthew 27:5; 2 Corinthians 7:10). Judas’ death fulfilled prophecy, and his field became a burial ground for strangers (Acts 1:19; Matthew 27:7-8).
Peter proposed replacing Judas, citing the requirements for apostleship: being with Christ from John’s baptism to His ascension and witnessing the resurrection (Acts 1:21-22). Two men were nominated, and the apostles cast lots—a practice derived from the Old Testament (1 Samuel 23:9-12). Matthias was chosen (Acts 1:26), although this act was not sanctioned by Christ, who alone selects apostles (John 13:18). Paul, later chosen by Christ (Acts 9:15), is the twelfth apostle (Revelation 21:14), emphasizing the divine prerogative in establishing His Church.
