The original text of the Bible is the inerrant Word of God, and we presuppose its verbal plenary inspiration (2 Peter 1:21; 2 Timothy 3:16). Every word is God-breathed, not just the concepts, which is why we use the term "verbal plenary"—to emphasize that each individual word, not merely the overall idea, is inspired. This distinction is critical when evaluating translations. Issues arise with versions like the NIV, which use dynamic equivalence, and others, like the NASB, that sometimes reflect theological interpretation. Even the KJV-only debates reveal the challenges inherent in translation, including the influence of the Septuagint.
A literal interpretation of Scripture is necessary. This approach interprets words based on their use in the original language at the time they were written, including idioms, metaphors, and similes. Understanding the historical and cultural background is essential before translating, and the amount of revelation available at the time must also be considered. The goal of translation is to faithfully render what Scripture says, without introducing the translator’s own ideas. When interpreting, we must let clear passages govern the meaning of those that are less clear—no doctrine should be built on an obscure text.
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